Chapter 9 - Urban Geography

Article:

How Suburban Sprawl Is Killing The Environment

somebody wanted but so then 

Developers want to develop as much land as they can, but in this process they are hurting the environment by turning the world into a concrete jungle, so some cities are discussing plans to give developers small tax breaks for creating environmentally friendly solutions then they will perhaps leave a slightly smaller carbon foot print.  

Sector Model: 

This model proposes that a city is not divided in rings but as slices of a pie, each pie slice representing a different zone. This model was created by Hoyt.

Concentric Zone Model: 

The Concentric Zone Model separates cities in to 5 concentric zones each represented by a different ring. This model was created by Burgees.

New and Improved Model of Latin American City Structure 

The New and Improved Model of Latin American City Structure revolves around the CBD (the top connected black box) and then shows the commercial and upper-class and then the "mall" (the bottom connected black box). The model also shows the "disamenity" part of the city (the orange) which is the poorest part of the city.

 Multiple Nuclei Model :

 The Multiple Nuclei Model is different from the other models in that it does not depict a city with a single nuclei, instead it proposes that a city can have multiple nuclei. This model was created by Harris and Ullman in the 1940's 

 Model of a Subsaharan African City: 

The Model of a Subsaharan African City depicts three different CBDs. The first is the lasting CBD from colonial occupation. The second is the transitional business center where commerce is from curbside, stalls or storefronts and the third is informal and sometimes periodic market zone.

The Generalized Model of  Land Used Areas in the Large Southeast Asian City Model 

The Generalized Model of  Land Used Areas in the Large Southeast Asian City Model has no CBD in its place is an old colonial port zone and what is considered a largely commercial district containing a western commercial zone, the government zone and an alien commercial zone (characterized by Chinese who's dwellings are attached to their businesses).

Map:

The map I chose was Japan, because Japan is one of the most densely populated places in the world and is its suburbs are a perfect example of urban sprawl. The tightly packed suburbs are seemingly endless in the often uniform neighborhoods of Japan.

Part I

AP Human Geography chapter 9 Urban Geography Part 2

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• 1. a model showing similar land‐use patterns among the medium‐sized cities of Southeast Asia.
• 5. In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.
• 6. The focal point of ancient Roman life combining the functions of the ancient Greek acropolis and agora.
• 7. Homes bought in many American suburbs with the intent of tearing them down
• 9. Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product (GNP); as opposed to a formal economy
• 10. A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods
• 12. Movement of upper‐ and middle‐class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions 
• 13. “Restricted neighborhoods or subdivisions, often literally fenced in, where entry is limited to residents and their guests.
• 16. The movement of millions of Americans from northern and northeastern States to the South and Southwest regions (Sunbelt) of the United States.
• 18. The study of the physical form and structure of urban places.
• 19. The division of a city into different regions or zones
• 20. adjacent to every town and city within which its influence is dominant.
• 23. Areas of a city, the main purpose of which is to encourage people to consume goods and services; driven primarily by the global media industry.
• 26. The urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs.
• 28. The transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.
• 29. “The rehabilitation of deteriorated, often abandoned, housing of low‐income inner‐city residents
• 30. A country's largest city
• 31. Unplanned slum development on the margins of cities, dominated by crude dwellings and shelters made mostly of scrap wood, iron, and even pieces of cardboard.
• 32. cities with 10 million or more residents

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• 2. These cities are characterized by extensive amounts of office and retail space, few residential areas, and modern buildings
• 3. The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords.
• 4. a residential area or a mixed use area, either existing as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city.
• 8. Homes referred to as such because of their “super size” 
• 11. The Concentric Zone Model divides cities into five concentric zones defined by functionally 
• 14. Theory proposed by Walter Christaller that explains how and where central places in the urban hierarchy should be functionally and spatially distributed with respect to one another.
• 15. a model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene
• 17. an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create walkable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.
• 21. Area of a city with a relatively uniform land use
• 22. Rapid change in the racial composition of residential blocks in American cities that occurs when real estate agents and others stir up fears of neighborhood
• 24. Legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of building and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas
• 25. Unrestricted growth in many American urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning.
• 27. Dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy

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Chapter 9 Extra-credit Word search

AP Human Vocal Urban Geography 

N M A T V Z R R K H A I Z H U N P S Q C Q H T E A D S R S E G X V K Y A J S R U 
W O C A G U V L J K L J H U B O R Q U U U X C C S E R E X I R L V N R L Y E F I 
O U I M H K R O S B G M E F F I I J O A I O R F I T I V K Z I D P A I D X C R F 
M L T T A B U A S P B P Z W I T M W N G N O Z T A T D O A N F O B B C C Q T N O 
C G W A A N Y V E A F G O X O A A G M O P O I L I Z S L C C F U F R E T T O U Y 
W I T N C Z S B U S I N E S S Z T E M O N N A C O I C U N O I T A U T I S R R D 
P O T Q Y I I I A R O G A B K I E Y L I U D A N F A S T U R N L A I C O S O E Q 
D A X I P P T L O L W A R P S N P I N M B G A U U A S I R Z F Z E J X O E S P D 
L O C W E W R S A N M E O W W A S G M O E T G S X B U O W V O E L E X H C J Z Y 
Y A P T Z S Z Y F I S F N O Z B Q O O M I Z F J B R V N R T R S C Q T Z D Z Y Z 
O O N G W M P B Y J C B G P V R C J Q O C S Y L F U P D H O D A T J V P Y F A R 
T X C Q U G V D L D Y R W W U U T O N M S I N A B R U X P W L R I I Y Y F X X D 
P C I D C H W N J A O B E D B B A K S F Y K M K L H X Q H P P E Q F I S S Z G N 
V H Q U F B Z A A F M X K M P U N S N W H K J Z A Q M U A V G U L U W V G W J H 
A I M A T O P O S E M R X B M S W E E Y A R R S R I S M K Z D O T F Y Z S U A K 
S I V W B I Z E X R V E O A J O C G W C B L D N T F V Q G R O I S U N I K I I T 
F I R S T Z D V A M E L I F G K C Y K L A M T W N H T X N T U Z S U R P L U S B 
C C P O U P Q D F D R S M B N R D Z O M E P N O E T X D I K H L M T Y O Y D T I 
S U B U R B V A C V S O U E Z I I C U G C O S T C R E M N N I L E X R E T N L Y 
D K Z C N V D H Y A R P V L Z W K C A I I P D Y L A N O I T C N U F S I L A I I 
L U L X G J Z E L P A B O T P B O L U T N F W T L E D V L Y Q H H Z E K C L Q S 
O E P T L I T C H O A K J Y U T L T A L A A O N I H P V D Y D D X S C W Z T A I 
X I A T B I A O I V R W W S M I E C F T T H S A N X W N E F X Q E Q O V N W W V 
P V Z D S G L A R M N P T Q V Z I G M U L U O H D X X D R R F C Z O N Q X W B C 
C Z A C E O B B C N U I F N H F G A I L E I R S U M O D E L N O W H D V P F V T 
K G L L G R Y A D I N R W B I Z Q Q E P Y H N A S W N R E K N H C L A Q D H A X 
W B M Y L P S T Q G R B O T A R E A W A C V S U L Z C U D E Z I N H R H B M D I 
W I X R K E P H N O R E A F G R Y E D D I O J N G O T M A G D M E A Y T B M E Z 
I L H B Y F Y H I H Q R M D T K K A Z O R P M L S O M Y R W I S A U T J P W S T 
W D D X M N Q S L P T M W A K E M Z Q R T Q W G R M X N T T T A T T A M S T Y P 
M Z S R J Y Z T X S N L C M O F X Q Q E N Y R C W S K G R V O I E B D R J H N T 
A Z S W Y T Z K I O W O H G L S G Z S O E V R C D R X R K L G Q D Z U T V Q E J 
H V G A B K X B B I S H N R E Y E N U J C S H N I V D D I S A M E N I T Y S K O 
U O P R M P J Z U E O B W E H E W M C O N S U M P T I O N V I M R Q B S B V I D 
G E N T R I F I C A T I O N M O L Y J V O I M K I L T G B R E W L B I G K P S W 
Z C W W A J F M F T K E R B D O W V F X C S Y W H S Q G Z R P R C P G V S N M X 
T I P M T J S S K O Z O G R H O N D I L F Z E E C D Z A G W A Z P Y J F D E A X 
O O I C E G X P C P Z I A H R D H E D B Q Q P L I U N T E G D E F R O E O B L R 
M Y J O M G R A B A G E T L R U J M H R P R S Q I V S E M Z K R U T A I U A P L 
V B L F Y T I C W C T A D Z L B J I H P X U J T Z N L D D G L T N T K K A B A C 

ACROPOLIS
AGORA
AGRICULTURAL
AND
AREA
BELT
BLOCKBUSTING
BUSINESS
CENTRAL
CITIES
CITY
CLASS
COMMERCIALIZATION
COMMUNITIES
CONCENTRIC
CONSUMPTION
DISAMENITY
DISTRICT
ECONOMY
EDGE
FIRST
FORUM
FUNCTIONAL
GATED
GENTRIFICATION
GRIFFIN-FORD
HEARTH
HUANG
INDUS
INFORMAL
LAWS
LEADERSHIP
MCGEE
MCMANSIONS
MEGACITIES
MESOAMERICA
MESOPOTAMIA
MODEL
MORPHOLOGY
NEW
NILE
PERU
PHENOMENON
PLACE
PRIMATE
RANK-SIZE
REDLINING
REVOLUTION
RIVER
RULE
SECONDARY
SECTOR
SHANTYTOWNS
SITE
SITUATION
SOCIAL
SPACES
SPRAWL
STRATIFICATION
SUBURB
SUBURBANIZATION
SUN
SURPLUS
SYNEKISM
TEARDOWNS
THEORY
TRADE
URBAN
URBANISM
VALLEY
VALLEYS
VILLAGE
WEI
WORLD
ZONATION
ZONE
ZONING

Chapter 8 - Political Geography

Article: Hoping for Asylum, Migrants Strain U.S. Border

Thousands of Mexicans migrants cross the U.S. boarder each year in search of a better live, but the U.S. boarder patrol has caught over 90,700 apprehensions in the Rio Grande Valley in the past six months so now the migrants are seeking asylum from gang violence then the U.S. has to go through the legal trouble of looking at each case and deciding if asylum can be granted. 

Map:

I choose the UK because it is a very interesting display of boarders and a multi-nation state. Although Ireland, Scotland and Wales are all under British rule they consider themselves to be separate, in a recent vote however Ireland did not voted not to claim independence from the UK.

Readings:
"Lines in the Sand," Cullen Murphy
"Chapter 8: Political Geography" from Human Geography



How have the European set boundaries lead to more conflict?

              The modern map of the Middle East was largely drawn up by Britten and France based on the two countries agreements to follow a treaty created during WWI. The map that they drew did not really take regional characteristics into account and was created almost entirely for the personal gain of the two countries. The careless mapping of the middle east created geographic states in places which have clashing religions and social behaviors. Originally there was a plan to take regional characteristics into account called the Lawrence plan, however it never came into effect. As the boarders are today there are many divided ethnic groups that do not have a country, the Kurds are one such example of a stateless nation. The division of the Kurds have lead to conflict and unrest in the middle east because they would like to create their own state, however the Kurd territory has oil reserves which Iraq, Turkey and Syria would all like to keep control of. 
              If the boarders had been based off of the Lawrence map the Kurds and other divided nations may in fact have had a state, but because they were not divided in such a manner there will always be conflict among the various nations with in the states. Unfortunately redrawing the states so that ethnic groups and regions are together would now result in more conflict due to states anger over loosing valuable territory, so there is really no practical solution for unifying the divided ethnic groups. 

Gerrymandering explained: This is a great little video that explains Gerrymandering concisely.

Chapter 7: Religion

Article: French police kill gunmen in twin attacks, free 16 hostages

Somebody wanted but so then

Charlie Hebdo, a satirical french news paper wanted to write and publish a satirical news paper which  occasionally featured cartoons of the islamic profit Muhammad, but it is against the muslim believe system to make depictions of Muhammad so two al-Qaida-linked brothers went into the news paper headquarters on January 9th resulting in the death 

Map:

I chose the Middle East because of the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is in Israel and has huge religious significance for Christians, Jews and Muslims, which has made it a hot zone for conflict throughout the ages. 

Essay: 
Readings: 

Chapter 7: Religion from Human Geography

Arab-Israeli Conflict: Role of Religion Israel Science and Technology Directory

Center for Reduction of Religious-Based Conflict- Hotspots in the Middle East

Who owns Jerusalem? from Aljazeera America

How has religion led to conflict in modern day society and throughout the ages?

Throughout time there has always been religious conflict. The Jewish and Islamic faiths have been  involved in religious based conflict for over 3,000 years. Israel has been a hot spot for conflict between the two religious for thousands of years, partly because the city of Jerusalem has a large religious significance for three of the world's major religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. In 1947 when the original Palestine was set to be divided by the untied nations to create two separate Jewish and Arab states, Jerusalem and Bethlehem were deemed corpus separatum due to their religious significance to the three religions. Although Israel's leaders openly accepted the plan to share the two cities, the Arab leaders did not think that they should have to share a city that was "rightfully theirs" in their view. In response to the partition, the Arabs responded with an attack in 1948 which counterproductively ended in them losing a large deal of territory as well as the rights to have shared the city. The war also caused over 700,000 Jews in eight other Arab countries to have to flee and seek refuge in other countries. Later in 1967, Israel continued to change the boundaries, gaining control of the remaining Arab territory and pushing out many Palestinians.
Although many people say the reason for this conflict was not entirely religion based because thousands of Palestinians were evicted from a place that they considered to be home, the impetus for the conflict and the main reason it has continued for so long is due to religious intolerance.
Today the two religions continue to look at the differences in the two faiths instead of their numerous similarities. Some Islamic people practice extreme intolerance toward other faiths and see it as part of their spiritual duty to practice "Jihad" or "war against nonbelievers". Throughout the past several years there has been almost daily attacks of terrorism in the Middle East. Terrorist attacks and religious intolerance have led to millions of deaths not only in the Middle East but around the world. In order for us to facilitate a peaceful world we must teach our prodigy to not only tolerate other religions but to "[emphasize]  those  common  threads  of  similarity  of religions  rather  than  emphasizing  the  differences" (Center for Religious Based Conflict).

Presentation

To View my Presentation on Smallpox Click Here

Chapter 6: Language

Article: France’s Pointless, Hopeless Battle Against English

Somebody wanted but so then
Many french students in universities wanted classes in english, but the french government and many professors wanted to protect the french language so the professors went on strike protesting against classes taught in english then hundreds of prospective professors wanting to teach classes in english were turned away.

Map:

Although 41% of people in India speak Hindi India has twenty-two official languages, higher than that of any other country.

Essay:
Chapter 5: Languages
Disappearing Languages - Rosemarie Ostler
Language Death - David Crystal
Language Revival - Hawaiian Rates as the Nations Only Growing Indigenous Language -Ron Staton

Question: Why do languages die and how can cultures protect them? 

           As languages go extinct the world is slowly moving toward a single Global Language and the parts of the cultures attached to the language are also fading away. According to David Crystal in his article Language Death "linguists predict at least half of the worlds 6000 or so languages will be dead or dying by the year 2050" But why is this happening and how can it be stopped. 

Whether a language is not passed down because genocide, cultural change, the break up of a community or the younger generation’s disinterest in the language, the main reason languages die are because they are not passed down to a younger generation. Passing the language down to the next generation is vital in both perpetuating a language and revitalizing it, which is why some schools in Hawaii are now teaching classes Hawaiian. By passing the language down to a new generation they are actually revitalizing a language that was down to only around 1,500 speakers. Today through teaching Hawaiian to younger generations the number of speakers has risen to 6,000 to 8,000 people, proving that language revitalization is possible. Hebrew is another example of a language that was revitalized. In 1881 Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and his friends agreed to exclusively

speak hebrew and thus hebrew revitalization began. These examples prove that is required to save a language is a strong desire to keep it a live. In order to save a language and keep the world from becoming Monolingual it is important that the people want to keep languages live. By spreading awareness about dying and extinct languages and fostering a desire to keep that special part of  cultures alive many languages on the verge of extinction may have a chance of revitalization.

The Demon in the Freezer-Post 2